Summarizing Two-Dimensional Data with Skyline-Based Statistical Descriptors

Much real data consists of more than one dimension, such as financial transactions (eg, price × volume) and IP network flows (eg, duration × numBytes), and capture relationships between the variables. For a single dimension, quantiles are intuitive and robust descriptors. Processing and analyzing such data, particularly in data warehouse or data streaming settings, requires similarly robust and informative statistical descriptors that go beyond one-dimension. Applying quantile methods to summarize a multidimensional distribution along only singleton attributes ignores the rich dependence amongst the variables. In this paper, we present new skyline-based statistical descriptors for capturing the distributions over pairs of dimensions. They generalize the notion of quantiles in the individual dimensions, and also incorporate properties of the joint distribution. We introduce φ-quantours and α-radials, which are skyline points over subsets of the data, and propose (φ, α)-quantiles, found from the union of these skylines, as statistical descriptors of two-dimensional distributions. We present efficient online algorithms for tracking (φ, α)-quantiles on two-dimensional streams using guaranteed small space. We identify the principal properties of the proposed descriptors and perform extensive experiments with synthetic and real IP traffic data to study the efficiency of our proposed algorithms.